Parameter evaluation of extraction using microwave hydrodistillation ultrasonic-pretreatment on yield of black pepper oil

Black pepper is one of Indonesia's agricultural commodities, contributing foreign exchange to the country. However, economic value this commodity has decreased. It influenced by lack diversified black products, which course, have a higher than raw material marketing. One product diversification that can be developed oil. In obtaining essential oils, appropriate methods and technology are needed so resulting high quality process carried out efficiently. The latest in extraction being microwave ultrasonic technology. Therefore, study, oil was using hydrodistillation method, whereas previously, pretreatment given for material. case, observations were made on influence parameters. Based research, it found increasing distiller size flask ambient temperature could increase percentage oils yield. At same time, longer time caused decrease Decreasing particle power cause an yield up certain point. best results obtained under conditions 1000mL, 60 minutes, at 30 oC, mesh, 450 W with 1.056%, characteristics having clear greenish colour anRI 1.480. These specifications comply ISO 3061:2008 from pepper. Thus, these parameters considered produce marketable products. As suggestion further modeling, scale-up developed.